Swing and Bebop free essay sample

Mark music: In the Mood. Played trombone in the Dorset siblings. Played in Ben Pollacks band. Bud Powell 0 piano, Instrumental In the improvement of bebop. Kenny Clarke C] House drummer at Moutons playhouse. Jay McMahon 0 plants and band pioneer; his band includes any semblance of Ben Webster and Charlie Parker. Swing Street CLC reference to 52nd road which facilitated significant Jazz clubs during the swing and the bebop era.Moutons Playhouse 0 a Harlem jazz club cap saw the development of bebop and facilitated craftsmen, for example, Dizzy Gillespie, Charlie Christian. The house band remembered Theologies Monk for piano, Joe Guy on trumpet, Nick Fenton on bass, and Kenny Clarke on drums. Billy Straying 0 acclaimed for his joint effort with Duke Longtime. Billy Bergs 0 Jazz club in Hollywood. Lionel Hampton 0 one of the first to utilize the vibraphone in jazz. Some portion of Benny Goodman group of four, alongside Gene Koura, Teddy Wilson and Goodman. This gathering was one of the main racially incorporated gathering to perform.Many famous craftsmen went through his gathering: Dizzied Gillespie, Clifford Brown, West Montgomery, Quince Jones, and so on. Baron Hines D The band to follow Duke Longtime at the Cotton Club was Cab Scallywags band. In spite of the fact that traditionally prepared vocalist in the drama, he generally tried to be in the big time. He went to Chicago where he joined the Alabamian, who later changed their name to the Missouri when they moved to New York. Galloway was not a Jazz vocalist but rather an actor who encircle himself with jazz performers. By the late sasss Cab Galloway was the best African American band pioneer in the nation. Milt Hint, Chug Berry, Dizzy Gillespie 0 all played at Cab Scallywags band. Chug Berry was next in line after Coleman Hawkins. When Lester Young was terminated from the Fletcher Henderson Band, Berry was the person to supplant him. Jimmy Landlords band was a dark band that highly esteemed playing move music with percussion. Sys Oliver, the arranger, was the most well known one to come out of that band. Benny Goodman set up himself In New York as a studio performer. He made different records with Red Nichols. At the point when he made records with Billie Holiday, he experienced John Hammond.Hammond welcomed Goodman to his home to play orchestral arrangements, where Benny became hopelessly enamored with Hammond sister and wedded her. During the downturn, Fletcher Henderson offered a large number of his plans to John Hammond, which turned into the reason for Goodman band melodic library. He later recruited Fletcher Henderson to think of him some more plans. Since Goodman band was the most sweltering band it disclosed on the most recent minutes of a radio show. They went on a national visit and outside New York they found that white individuals didnt like their music that was too hard-swinging.In request to play something the individuals could move to, they played stock courses of action. When they came to Los Angels they were prepared to Sabina and get back They played at the Palomar Ballroom, prepared to play their stock courses of action, when Gene Koura proposed playing something they would appreciate, and they played King Porter Stomp. The show that circulated in New York at 1 :30, the finish of probation. Sing was initially composed by Louis Prima, a fair looking Black artist, which empowered him to perform where other dark artists were not allowed.Jim Muddy 0 Goodman dispatched him to compose a course of action to Sing. The band acknowledged Fletcher Henderson had a comparative course of action called Christopher Columbus. At long last, Benny Goodman form is a blend of the two. In 1938, Hammond had putting a Jazz show on an old style stage. These shows were truly noteworthy in view of the first run through jazz music was available in a recognized work of art. Benny Goodman was the principal white band pioneer to enlist dark artists. He recruited Teddy Wilson to play with his trio, after the two met while recording with Billie Holiday.When the band was in Los Angels Goodman experienced Lionel Hampton, and the band turned into a group of four. The quarter at that point turns into a quintet when Hammond acquaints Goodman with Charlie Christian. Goodman promptly disliked Charlie Christian and would not like to play with him. Hammond trapped Goodman to tune in to Christian, who built up guitar as a performance instrument. Lionel Hampton later hit out with his own band. Roy Eliding, the following in trumpet heredity after Louis Armstrong, was the most persuasive trumpet player during the swing zone, moving Dizzy Gillespie.He was additionally the included trumpet player in Gene Korunas band. His epithet was Little Jazz. Artier Shaw 0 another acclaimed clarinet player during the swing territory. He had a self-personality issue and commonly resigned and left to Mexico. Shaw moved from playing sax to clarinet, which why his clarinet playing seems like a sax. Red Nor played the xylophone. He met his significant other Mildred Bailey, when he played for Paul Whitewashs band. Bailey is one of the bunch artists in the swing time that could be known as a Jazz artist. They were nicknamed the swing couple. Stardust by Hobbies Carmichael is the second most recorded piece after SST. Louis Blues. Artier Shahs most well known recorded spontaneous creation is highlighted in Stardust: it is a case of how a portion of his music was more move than Jazz. Jimmy and Tommy Dorset originated from Pennsylvania yet are viewed as Chicago style. The Dorset Brothers band was their first together. They were consistently in struggle. After a contention Tommy strolled off the band to frame his band. They rejoined in the late sasss, and in the sasss they had their own TV appear (where Elvis made his TV debut).Tommy Dorset played trumpet however in the long run he made due with trombone. His signature melody was Im Getting Sentimental over You, which is the reason he was known as The Sentimental Gentleman. His trombone playing was consistent, luxurious and smooth. Tommy Dorset additionally acquainted Frank Sinatra with the world. Rabbit Iberian played with Benny Goodman just as with Tommy Dorset. He later had his own band however he was a substantial consumer and was bad at authorizing discipline. After Iberian left Dodders band, Tommy had his performers have Bunnys influence as one as tribute to him.Jimmy Dodders band was more Chicago style than Tommys band. He played both alto sax and vaudeville sax and amazed everybody. His sax playing impacted many, including Charlie Parker. Into the sasss the music stars of the America were the band heads. The artist got second charging. The primary person to strike out all alone was Being Crosby when he left Paul Whitewashs band. The most mainstream swing band was Glenn Millers band. Mill operator played trombone and composed courses of action for the Ben Pollack band. He additionally special timing to recognizable tunes. Despite the fact that it was the best it didnt swing the hardest. Tex Bennie took over Millers band when Millers plane vanished over the English Channel Miller attempted to make a remarkable sound to his saxophone area by putting clarinet as the lead voice: clarinet lead. In the Mood was Glenn Millers signature tune. It is the number 1 selling instrumental account composed by Joe Garland. AY Clink used to state it would have been exceptional if Glenn Miller had lived and his music pass on. Significant band pioneer in the swing time was Charlie Barnett, an ill-conceived child of affluent parents.His band was progressively similar to a rich keeps an eye on toy. Like Duke Longtime, he permitted his performers a great deal of opportunity. His mark music was Cherokee. Bebop is done moving music yet music that should be tuned in to. The principal common bebop large band was Earl Hines band. In his initial profession Hines performed on the piano close by Louis Armstrong in Chicago. Lord Faith Hines in the early sasss had a major band that was attacked by youthful beepers. He took Charlie Parker from Jay Mechanics band. His band never recorded in light of the fact that during that time the American Recording Industry was on strike.In the interim both Charlie Parker and Dizzy Gillespie were stirring up a similar style on inverse sides of the nation (Bird in New York and Dig in Kansas City. ) Monomers Uptown House was somewhere else where bebop developed. The individuals who didnt like present day Jazz were nicknamed Moldy Figs. The one answerable for bringing bebop from late night clubs in Harlem to 52nd SST, was Coleman Hawkins. He never changed his own style, yet he encircle himself with youthful performers who utilized his distinction to book gigs on 52nd tree. In the Onyx, Dizzy Gillespie commenced new tune with a scat o bop, be bop. A music commentator in the crowd related the scat to the new style of music. The drummer at Moutons was Kenny Clarke built up another style of playing. He clarified the advancement in that performers were paying so quick that he just played during their respite. This was likewise valid for the piano player at Moutons. Religious philosophies Monk , like Count Basis, acknowledged he doesn't have to play the cadence, yet essentially Jab a harmony now and again, or even Just play notes to plot the concordance. In the bebop withy area the sole obligation of time lies in the possession of the bass player.The artists association strike kept individuals from tuning in to bebop on the radio, which stunned them when they heard it just because. One of the primary bebop records that individuals knew about was Charlie Parsers OK-OK. In Earl Hines bebop band there was a youthful artist named Sarah Vaughn and another artist named Billy Stickiness (regularly alluded to as the dark Frank Sinatra). Hines band separated in 1952. Around that time Stickiness had a colossal hit Jelly. In view of that achievement, a large number of previous Hines artists were currently part of Stockinets band.

International operation and risk management of ICAP plc Essay

Worldwide activity and hazard the executives of ICAP plc - Essay Example The organization is an open constrained organization and is recorded on the London Stock Exchange. The organization was established in the year 1986 and has in excess of 5000 representatives who give the hazard benefits in the organization. The organization centers for the most part around the key standards of authority, Integrity, business enterprise just as regard for control. Execution - Financial Trend A proportion investigation has been led for ICAP so as to comprehend the money related execution of the organization. Proportion Analysis  2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 Liquidity Ratios Current Ratio 1.026 1.004 1.003 1.002 0.999  2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 Cash Ratio 0.089 0.017 0.016 0.025 0.014  Profitability Ratio Gross Profit Margin 0.990 0.989 0.984 0.765 -  2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 Operating Profit Margin 0.145 0.160 0.163 0.176 0.191  2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 Net overall revenue 0.030 0.083 0.109 0.074 0.117 Leverage Ratio Debt Ratio 0.939 0.985 0.984 0.981 0.966  2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 Debt Equity Ratio 15.31 66.19 60.37 48.89 28.68  Profitabilty Indicator Ratio Return on Assets 0.09% 0.17% 0.49% 0.24% 0.55%  2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 Return on Capital Employed 0.41% 0.33% 0.40% 0.58% 1.78% Liquidity The present proportion of the organization has expanded by 22% in the course of the most recent one year from 1.004 in 2012 to 1.026 in the monetary year 2013. The stock of the organization for all the years is equivalent to zero. This implies for ICAP the present proportion and the speedy proportion are the equivalent (Atrill and Mclaney, 2008, pp. 142-178). The expansion in the present proportion implies that the organization has proficient money the board and that the organization can meet its transient obligation commitments serenely (Kieso, Weygandt and Warfield, 2007, p. 738). Therefore ICAP has sound liquidity position. Benefit The gainfulness levels of the organization can be assessed from the productivity proportions as appeare d in the table above. The gross overall revenue for the organization has expanding consistently from 2011 to 2012 and afterward from 2012to 2013. The gross net revenue for the year 2013 is 0.939 which implies that the organization has had the option to utilize the various assets that it has in the most proper manner (Williams, Haka, Bettner and Carcello, 2008, p. 266). Source: ICAP 2013, p. 03 The working net revenue for the organization fell practically more than one percent in the year 2013. Along these lines it shows that the organization has not had the option to accomplish economies of scale throughout the previous one year yet the consistent figure throughout the years mirrors the productivity of the organization in keeping up the size of activities (Gallagher, 2003, pp. 94â€95). The various structures of the working benefit of ICAP according to the various organizations have been appeared in the donut graph as above. This implies a large portion of the tasks of the organiz ation are similarly prosperous and has had the option to accomplish the ideal size of activities as long as possible (Weston and Brigham, 1990, p. 295). The arrival on resources for the organization is 0.09% in 2013 when contrasted with 0.017% in 2012 and 0.27% in 2011. Taking a gander at the consistent degree of overall gain of the organization it shows that the organization has expanded its advantages over the period of 3 years which has brought about a declining ROA (Tracy, 2004, p. 173).

Should EBooks Be Pay-As-You-Go

Should EBooks Be Pay-As-You-Go What if you never had to endure the buyers remorse of abandoning a book and wishing you could get back the dollars you spent on a disappointing read? What if, instead, you only had to pay for the pages you actually read? Total BooX, a  publishing startup out of Tel Aviv, is attempting to give you the option. The company, set to launch later this month, offers users free access to all the ebooks in their digital warehouse (the collection currently exceeds 10,000) and charges proportionally. If you only read 10% of the book, you pay 10% of the list price. Like to skip around in short story collections or only want to read certain essays in an anthology? Only pay for the ones you lay eyes on. And once youve paid for a page, its yours. The benefits to readers seem obvious. You can try new  books and  authors and explore new genres without the fear of but what if I pay for it and then hate it? Youll have access to interesting analytics about your  reading habits and  recommendations tailored to your preferences. And sure, youll be part of the powerful marketing channel Total BooX is offering publishers, but if youre reading ebooks on other devices, you already are. At least this way, you get to benefit from some of the data theyre collecting about you! I think this is pretty damn interesting. But would it be good for publishers, authors, and the future of books? I dont know. I think its certainly worth a try, though, and theres useful stuff to be learned from how far readers get into a book before they abandon it. In the present buy a book before you read it model, publishers dont really have to care if readers like or finish the bookthey just have to get you interested enough to want to buy it. If, hypothetically, Total BooXs attempt to invert the model was successful in moving all ebook sales to the pay-as-you-go plan, publishers and authors would have to produce material that kept readers engaged all the way through in order to earn a full payday. Could they afford to do that? What would happen if  authors started tailoring  books to what they knew of readers habits and interests?  Would the overall quality of  books improve and lead to an increase in reader satisfaction? I have ALL THE QUESTIONS about this and will be watching closely. What about you? Would you try a pay-as-you-go model for ereading? What questions or concerns do you have? Sign up to Today In Books to receive  daily news and miscellany from the world of books.

A Nameless Woman Diagnosed with Neurasthenia in The...

â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, a story written around 1890, by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, depicts a (nameless) woman with one child, married to John, a doctor who diagnosed his wife with neurasthenia, one of the nervous diseases common to women. First described in 1869 as a disease characterized by depression, extreme anxiety, and fatigue. The disease was generally understood to result from emotional sensitivity or nervousness on a fundamental level. John’s wife was confined, not of her choice, in a rented mansion, as a prescription for her health. (Gilman 344) John loved his wife without knowing her. He openly mocked her interest of writing and interacting with their baby, and kept her isolated most times in an upstairs nursery room with barred windows and yellow wallpaper. Her preference of rooms downstairs was not even considered. The sunshine dominated the nursery daily as John dominated each hour of her day with a â€Å"schedule prescription†. (Gilman 341) He planned every hour of the day carefully, ensuring that she would get plenty of rest without the chance to exercise her creativity. The doctor’s anecdote of his wife taking phosphates, tonics, journeys and air along with exercise was above reproach. If women had more of a voice, would approaches to treatment for mental illness have been more effective? Feeling powerless, the wife was relieved of her duties and cared for by her husband, the housekeeping was done by Jennie, her sister-in-law, and Mary cared for the baby.

Education in Bangladesh - 707 Words

Education in Bangladesh is basically state financed. However, government depend heavily on external aid for financing the educational sector. Government allocate fund for the education sector out of its revenue expenditure amp; development expenditure. Revenue expenditure on educational sector has gradually increased over the year but development expenditure fluctuated. Revenue expenditure on primary and secondary education also constitute major portion of revenue expenditure and it was consistent over year. Development expenditure on primary and secondary education also constitute major portion of development expenditure however it was not consistent over year. Expenditure on technical and higher education is not significant.†¦show more content†¦Although madrasa student can move to other stream of education, they often faced discrim ination. In job market. On other hand education on degree collage suffers from inadequate infrastructure facilities and quality teacher. Access in university is very limited in Bangladesh due to limited limited capacity in government universities and high tuition fees in private universities. Public university suffer from two major problem one is poor infrastructure and other is active student politics. POLICY * Key issues need to be addressed are access equity, quality, relevance and efficiency in terms of primary secondary and higher education. These issues are interrelated and therefore should be addressed at same time. Policies should be formulated in such manner so that all the issues can be taken into account simultaneously. * All the student in the country regardless rural or urban should have access to the education system. * Quality of education should get priority over quantity of education. * Education should be relevant to the practical life. Only theoretical education based on memorization cannot faster the educational growth. * Mobilization of resources and their efficient uses need to be ensured. * Government have to funding provided to different sector and increase allocation forShow MoreRelatedEducation System in Bangladesh4009 Words   |  17 Pages INTRODUCTION Education is the backbone of sustainable development. Education stimulates and empowers people to participate in their own development. A plan for sustainable development must address the issue of education because it plays a critical role not only in expanding further educational opportunities, but also in fostering basic intellectual abilities such as literacy that are crucial to success in a world where power is closely linked with knowledge. Primary education must receive a greatRead MoreA Research Paper on Education System of Bangladesh3833 Words   |  16 PagesA RESEARCH PAPER ON EDUCATION SYSTEM OF BANGLADESH SUBMITTED BY: Ahnaf Tabrez Alam Saif Sulyman Khan Nusrat Mahmood Saika Mehnaz Rubaiyet Hossain Tasnuva Tabassum SUBMITTED TO: Ms. Rifat Jahan Shashi Faculty Bangladesh Studies BRAC University DATE OF SUBMISSION: 25th November, 2012 Read MoreAssignment on Education, Inequality Poverty: Bangladesh Scenario2723 Words   |  11 Pagesbetween education, inequality, and poverty in Bangladesh have been discussed at some length. The standard view is that broad-based economic inequality is poverty. Yet, poverty may also be associated with rising inequality, which then tends to offset part of the gains from education. However, studies on the returns to education in developing countries generally indicate higher social benefits at primary level compared to secondary and tertiary levels. While social benefits for primary education are highRead MoreThe Education Sector Of Bangladesh, And The Drivers Of Changes Behind Its Sustainability Essay2185 Words   |  9 Pagesinvestments. In this paper, we will conduct a political analysis of education in Bangladesh and provide a small range of recommendations to support our statement. Since its independence, Bangladesh has been a country that has gone through many ups and down. Over the years their economy, education, and other social factors have endured a lot. As, a least developed country, corruption resides heavily in every factor in Bangladesh. Corrupt politics has hindered the countries development in many sectorsRead MoreApplications of 3g Technology in the Education Sector: Perspective Bangladesh6335 Words   |  26 PagesStudy on â€Å"Applications of 3G technology in the Education sector: Perspective Bangladesh† Name: Md. Mahbubul Haque Osmani Faculty of MSJ department, University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh. Address: 105, 4th floor, Lake Circus, Kalabagan, Dhaka. Mobile: 01716806361 E-mail: osmani.mcj.du@gmail.com Applications of 3G technology in the Education sector: Perspective Bangladesh ABSTRACT: Bangladesh recently touched a new milestone in Information and Communication Technology with the inauguration of commercialRead MorePopulation Of Bangladesh : Problem Or Opportunity? Essay1187 Words   |  5 Pages â€Æ' â€Æ' Table of content â€Æ' Population of Bangladesh. Problem or Opportunity? Introduction: Increasing Population is one of the most alarming problem of Bangladesh. Some scientists, foreign donors and social workers believe that, it is one of the main problem of our country. Our country is very small in terms of total area. But the number of people living per square Km is very high. Bangladesh is one of the most densely populated country in the world. We have a very small area of 1,47,570 squareRead MoreEssay on SOC 300 WEEK 9 Assignment 2 SOC 3001059 Words   |  5 Pages From a perilous beginning, Bangladesh has attained notable advancements in economic and social development in about four decades. Since it won its independent in 1971 following a bloody war, many, in the international community were doubtful about the country’s long-term economic sustainability. Some observers predicted a state of continuing aid dependency, while others believed if a country with such enormous and innumerable development problems as Bangladesh could make strides in developmentRead MoreChild Labor In Bangladesh Essay1292 Words   |  6 Pagesdeprived of basic social services, such as health, nutrition, water and sanitation and education. Deprivation of these social services during childhood limits children’s opportunities to thrive and perpetuates the cycle of generational poverty. When children are engaged in the labor market, they are often out of school, jeopardizing the country’s ability to achieve the Millennium Development Goal linked to pr imary education and other associated goals. Objectives: The objectives of this assignment are ïÆ' ¼Read MoreDevelopment And Overall Wellbeing For The People Of Bangladesh1594 Words   |  7 Pagesachieve these goals. They also aim to improve the economic social and environmental wellbeing of Bangladesh. The following report will outline and analyse two strategies as well as evaluate these stratergies against three criteria; social, economic and environment in order to improve the development and overall wellbeing for the people of bangladesh. With an area of about 147,570 sq. km, Bangladesh is located north of the Equator along the Tropic of Cancer and in South Asia. The country is borderedRead MoreThe Current Situation Of Bangladesh1095 Words   |  5 PagesBackground: Bangladesh is a unitary parliamentary republic with an elected parliament called Jatiyo Sangshad. It gained its independence from Pakistan in 1971 and has, since then, seen alteration of civilian and military regimes. After the independence, the new state endured poverty, famine, political turmoil and military coups. The current situation in Bangladesh is embedded in the history and political situation of the country. In 2001, when the Awami League lost the elections to the Bangladesh Nationalist

Analysis Of Martin Luther King s I Have A Dream Speech...

A Primitive Action In Martin Luther King’s I Have a Dream Speech, he states â€Å"I look to a day when people will not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character†, this appeal to the emotions that judging based on a person’s race is wrong. For this reason altering affirmative action in higher education admission will be discussed since it creates a perpetual racial preference in admission. Affirmative action is controversial due to its issue of whether today’s generation should pay for the past injustices done to certain ethnicities. It questions the constitutionality of its existence and whether it perpetuates racial discrimination. Although affirmative action greatly promotes diversity and exposes diverse perspectives in an educational field, it’s time to realize its modern predicaments and visualize how to better progress on terms of admission for the future of the diversified generations of America. Thus, it is vital to address the reasons why prolonging affirmative action hinders the creation of better opportunities to those at a disadvantage. The dilemma of affirmative action is in defining equal opportunities, especially to ethnicities who historically felt injustice. The famous U.S landmark case Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978), where Allan Bakke, a white man, was twice rejected by University of California Medical School at Davis, ruled that racial quotas â€Å"violated the Equal Protection Clause of the 14thShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of Martin Luther King ´s Speech: I Have a Dream1309 Words   |  6 Pagesthe late 1950’s through the 1960’s, however; Tricia Andryszewski informs her readers that Black Americans had been working for change since before the civil war, but mainly beyond. Some of the most prominent civil rights leaders include Martin Luther King Jr., Rosa Parks, Malcolm X, Philip Randolph, and Bayard Rustin. The two main goals of the civil rights activists being, equal rights and treatment for all races. As a result, the â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech was written by Martin Luther King, Jr., a manRead MoreAnalysis Of Martin Luther King Jr s I Have A Dream Speech1480 Words   |  6 PagesRights Movement, Martin Luther King Jr s I Have A Dream speech was broadcasted across the nation and heard by millions of Americans on August 28, 1963. Throughout the decades, many have promoted the importance of racial equality in America. Leaders such as William J. Clinton, Barack Obama, and George W. Bush have contributed to modern social movements by, doing as Dr. King himself, giving speeches to varying audiences concerning the issue of racial inequality. Above all, Martin Luther King Jr made theRead MoreAnalysis of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.s I Have A Dream Speech619 Words   |  3 Pages28, 1963, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. delivered one of the most famous speeches of all time to an audience of more than 200,000 civil rights supporters on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial. In his, â€Å"I have a dream† speech, King addressed his encouragement of white and black people working together to achieve racial peace and harmony. He especially wanted to teach the young blacks that equality could be gained through the use of non-violence. The main reason King used nonviolenceRead MoreAnalysis Of Martin Luther King s I Have A Dream Speech, And Patrick Henry s Speech852 Words   |  4 Pagesright to the pursuit of happiness; as well as providing jobs for the working citizens of America. Evidence of these claims are found in these four works: The Declaration of Independence, The Declaration of Sentiments, Martin Luther King’s â€Å"I Have A Dream† speech, and Patrick Henry’s Speech to the Virginia Convention. In the Declaration of Independence, created by 5 and signed by 56 delegates of the United States government, it is written â€Å"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are createdRead MoreRhetorical Analysis of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.s I Have A Dream Speech915 Words   |  4 Pages Dr. Martin Luther King delivered his I Have a Dream speech to the thousands of African Americans who had marched on Washington, D.C. at the height of the Civil Rights Movement. The date of the speech was August 28, 1963, but it is one that will live for generations. Of course his purpose was to convince his audience on several fronts: he sought to persuade the black community to stand up for the rights afforded them under the Constitution, and he also sought to Read MoreThe Fight for Freedom1312 Words   |  6 Pagesthe late 1950’s though the 1960’s, however; Tricia Andryszewski informs her readers that Black Americans had been working for change since before the civil war, but mainly beyond. Some of the most prominent civil rights leaders include Martin Luther King Jr., Rosa Parks, Malcolm X, Philip Randolph, and Bayard Rustin. The two main goals of the civil rights activists being, equal rights and treatment for all races. As a result, the â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech was written by Martin Luther King, Jr., a manRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Martin Luther King Jr.1046 Words   |  5 PagesRhetorical Analysis Essay Civil rights activist, Martin Luther King Jr. gave his memorable â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech while standing at the feet of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington D.C. His uplifting speech is one of the most admired during the civil rights era and arguably one of the best in American history. On August 28th, 1963, Martin Luther King Jr. spoke about the true American dream: equality. Although the video of his oral spectacle is powerful, the written document portrays exactly howRead MoreEssay on Critical Analysis of Martin Luther King, Jr.s Speech1674 Words   |  7 PagesCritical Analysis of Martin Luther King, Jr.s Speech Introduction In this critical analysis I am going to look at Martin Luther King, Jr and the I have a dream speech. Martin Luther King, Jr is very distinguished due to the many outstanding achievements he accomplished throughout his life. He was an American clergyman and he accomplished the Nobel Prize for one of the principal leaders of the American civil rights movement. Kings defiance to segregation andRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Martin Luther King s Speech1460 Words   |  6 PagesAs we have been discussing, rhetorical analysis asks us to look not only at what a text says, or the meaning of the text, but also at how that meaning is created in the text. For this assignment, I want to challenge you to not just analyze the â€Å"ethos, pathos, and logos† of a text, but to delve deeply into how the text moves us to identify with its message, and to think, feel, or act in a specific way. One of the reason why this text became the most popular text of our century. First of the speakerRead MoreCritical Analysis of I Have Dream838 Words   |  4 PagesMartin Luther King s I Have a Dream: Critical Thinking Analysis Charles Briscoe PRST 3301 16 October 2012 In Martin Luther King Jr. s seminal 1963 speech I Have a Dream, King uses a number of critical thinking processes in order to present his argument. On the steps of the Lincoln Memorial, at the height of the Civil Rights Movement, King delivered a speech that is remembered now as one of the most significant pieces of oratory in the 20th century. His call was for blacks and whites

Organitational Culture And Ethical Issues On Public Relations

Question: Discuss aboout the Corporate Communication Effective Organitational Culture And Ethical Issues On Public Relations. Answer: Introduction It is with such concerns, that this report aims at analyzing the need for effective organizational culture and an understanding of the ethical issues in public relations which may affect the performance of the Johns Outback Adventures Tours company and help them in making decision on whether or not they should implement a training program to its employees. For efficiency and growth purposes of the company, the management will need to develop or introduce this program which will train all its employees on how cultivating an effective organization culture can promote the growth of their business and how small ethical issues may be a hindrance to the success of the business. The report also aims at providing suitable recommendations to the management and employees of Johns Outback Adventures and Tours Company which will guide them in commencing the training program. Developing an effective organization culture Most organizations or companies just like the Johns Outback Adventures Tours are characterized by their own culture which is distinct from those of other organizations or companies. The knowledge and the understanding of on organization culture are very important the business environments both internally and externally according to Khoury and Fadl (2016). Research has shown that the integration and success of most companies or businesses are as a result of operating within its culture. Organizational culture, therefore, shapes the way of thinking and interaction of individuals in an organization and helps them get things done. According to York (2011), the culture of any organization, whether a firm or a company or an association, can be defined as the existence of some shared systems of beliefs, values and certain assumptions in an organization, which dictates the behavior of its members. Hence it may comprise of the general behavior of individuals, their habits, rules governing the ir behavior, the work ethics, the moods of the people and the general work climate. Research provides that the culture of an organization shapes its members just as it is for individual personality to shape an individual. Therefore, for Johns Outback Adventures Tours to improve its business or corporate communication and public relations, the initial change must start internally from the organization or company. The change will encompass the understanding of the companys culture and develop an enabling culture that will help them achieve their goals and objectives. Corporate in an organization may be internal or external depending on the targeted audience, vertical or horizontal, from the company to its clients or clients to the company, as well as from vendors and distributors of the company to the management. The communication should be very objective, informative and well documented. Its purpose and that of corporate writers are to influence public opinion and attitudes and especially to the companys potential investors in a way that will create much support for the business practices and on the other hand undermine the opposition of the activities according to Pratheeba (2016, p.34). It is important therefore for the employees and management of the Johns Outback Adventures Tours to get an understanding of the companies culture as it will help them in promoting both internal and external integration, increase or promote moral behaviors, bring all labor force among organizational layers together and enhance their general performance in actualization of the goals and objectives of the company. Such an understanding is important as a business or corporate culture plays a vital role in the achievement of the missions and strategies of an organization as well as improving the effectiveness of the organization and managerial change. Research has also provided that extremism organizational culture or existence of a strong organizational may sometimes be very harmful and may influence the general performance of its workforce. In most cases, such a strong culture may act as a barrier and impediment to the members in achieving certain status within the organization. How to build and sustain an effective organization culture According to Davenport (2015), the growth of organizational culture results as a consequence of both personality and collective experiences over a period of time and are usually passed on from one member to the other in the organization. There is also a need to understand the factors which enhance the cultural integration of any company such as the rituals and business routines, the stories associated with the businesses and the symbols as well as the organizational structure and its relationship with power and authority. As mentioned in our definition, organization culture is comprised of a set of organizational beliefs and ideologies, symbols and core values which are shared by all members of an organization and influences their activities.it is, therefore, the responsibility of the strategic management or leadership of the business to shape the organizational culture. Dhingra and Petunia (2016) also denotes that cultural identity in an organization gives its members some internal stability and cohesion and therefore the understanding and acceptance of organizational culture are very important if need be for a cultural change to match the changing environmental needs. An appropriate organizational culture, however, encourages the development of employees entrepreneurial spirits. Organizational culture is built on the mission and vision statements of any company according to Davenport (2015, p. 90). It is, therefore, important for all stakeholders and members of Johns Outback Adventures Tours Company to understand the mission and vision statements of their company. Research has shown that these statements help in defining the culture of any organization. In most cases, the mission statement of the company explains or generally portrays why an organization exists. It also states the activities or businesses the organization carries out as pointed out by Chaudhri (2016, p. 23). The mission statement of any organization should be short to promote a better understanding and communication among the members as well as being broad in order to promote or facilitate expansion and development. It should also be narrow in a way that allows or provides a course and direction which facilitates decision making. The vision statement of the organization, on the other hand, expresses the future desired state of the company or organization. Fawkes (2010) denotes that it gives an outline of the plan of reach intended by the organization, the general effect the company will make, gives a brief overview of the values and strengths of the company as well as bringing the staff of the company together for a common effect. It provides an inspiration and acts as a measure of the progress of the companys activities. The vision statement also gives direction on how the employees of the company are expected to behave or conduct themselves and inspire them to give their best towards the actualization of the goals and objectives of the company. Lastly, the vision statement shapes the customer's understanding of why they should work or invest with the company. When the existing culture of an organization becomes destructive or hindrance to the direction of the company, Choi and Rashad (2015) denote that the management or strategic leaders must recognize the need to change the culture or modify it in order to fit into the existing structure of the organization. A change in organization culture comes about with a lot of volatility and certain cases of unpredictability which may end up bringing about stress to the members of the organization as a result of an emotional response to culture change according to Wells and Walker (2016). However, the process of overcoming resistance to change should be done in a positive way and it largely depends on changing the attitudes and behavior of the organization of its members. And in most cases, Dhingra and Punia (2016) provide that people who remain hostile and in self-denial to the process of culture change may find it difficult or may not even have a place in the transformation process of that organi zation. Ethical issues in public relations Ethics play an important tool in the development of the image and reputation of a company. For the case our Johns Outback Adventures Tours, which its main customers or clients are from the tourism sector, there is a great need to instigate ethical grounds in the activities of the company, Friedman et al. (2015, p. 456). Therefore there is a need for the employees of the company to get an understanding of the ethical elements in their work environments. By ethics, this study explores the boundaries or what constitutes to wrong or right doing in the context of work environments. According to Fawkes (2010), ethics in workplace sets the standards or criteria through which key decisions are made by the management or the employees on what is right or wrong. According to utilitarian context, Fawkes (2010) denotes that ethics has been used to imply to an activity or decision that produces the best possible outcome. Such a view that has been criticized, as many holds to the opinion that certa in principles are right or wrong regardless of their consequences. In other words, a moral person or individual must by all means not only achieve good results but must comply and employ the proper means and guided by good intentions or motives. Success in the tourism industry will entail a good reputation of the company and this can only be achieved through engagement or practicing business activities on the right ethical grounds. Therefore, this knowledge is fundamental to employees of Johns Outback Adventures Tours in the development of good business ventures, in attracting new customers and investors. In most cases, the organization's ethics are controlled or determined by the management and its the responsibility of the employees to accept the patterns and especially if there are rewards attached to them according to Ki and Kim (2010, p. 67). At times the employees can act under the influence of their cultural, political and economic influence but the motive should not go against the values and objectives of the company. The management should ensure that these ethical standards exist in order to protect employees rights in the company as well as enhancing a common good for the majority of the people. Ethical issues can either build or damage the reputation of a company or organization. In this case, ethical issues are termed as a dishonest act or choice in business that bears negative effects to the person the customers or any other person or business connected to the company or firm. If not addressed in time then it may cause serious problems to the business, Siano et al. (2013, p. 89). It may be a bad decision made by the employees or the management or a wrong deed that affects the business customers or other business entities connected to the business or company. According to Zivkovic, and Ivanova (2016), some of the underlying reasons which can affect or attract unethical behaviors may include; the management or staff giving an advantage of short term goals over the long term goals. Such will lead to diverting the attention of workers towards realizing short-term goals at the expense of long term goals and may not meet the needs of its customers. The other reason may be due t o lack of or the non-existence of written ethical codes resulting to random behaviors and misguided decision making in the company as denoted by Robberts, et al. (2017, p. 90).There also may be cases of solving ethical dilemmas too fast or just over the surface, the management may need to take ethical dilemmas among the employees seriously. And lastly, the unethical behavior may be prevalent in circumstances where ethics are viewed or thought about as legal questions in the work environment. Ethical issues in the work environment have necessitates the importance of creating public relations. Stucke (2014) in his study shows that public relations have been considered as a corporate conscience in which in most cases fits very well with business ethics of social responsibility. The Public Relations Society of America has developed some codes of professional development in relation to public relations profession. Such codes may be important to the employees of Johns Outback Adventures Tours in providing behavioral guidelines to its members, in educating the management on public relations standards and in distinguishing public relations professionals from sociopathic individuals who may use the companys name for bad intentions or personal motives and gains. According to Gallo (2015), the knowledge of public relations will give the employees the understanding of some of the responsibilities of a public relation officers or representatives. The employees are all by default public relations representatives of their companys and they carry the image of their companies in every place they go. Such responsibilities or duties include; maintaining the reputation of Johns Outback Adventures Tours to its customers and the general public as well as informing them on the new developments in company products and offers and company news. They also play a major role in handling customer complaints and issues and are always busy blogging on the company websites as well as using the company social media platforms to maintain the companys public image. The public relations department or the employees of the company must ensure that they maintain the happiness of their clients or customers for the growth of their tourism business. All businesses have always had goals and objectives of their own to achieve, in order to achieve this; Voet, Groeneveld, and Kuipers (2014) denote that they must create successful business relationships with different publics such as the employees, the shareholders in the business and the local community. Such an understanding can only be achieved if there are effective communications. The development of public relations career has seen the effect of four models which have been used to guide the standards of public relations. The first model was known as the press agency model which is the oldest and its main emphasis was on generating media coverage, and therefore the advocates of the model did not believe in bad publicity according to Keyton (2016, p. 56). The second model was the public information model and its main idea was based on creating good media relations in order to promote good publicity. The third model was a two-way asymmetric model and usually emphasized that to reac h a consensus or agreement, business communication should be based on data or information gathered from a targeted public. Lastly, we had, a two-way symmetric model which has been recognized to sharing the views of public relations, it utilizes the input of the public in order to improve the company products and also takes into consideration the general opinion of the organization. Organization culture from the research above may be defined as the unwritten feeling of the symbol of the organization which is mostly believed to be intangible and persistent and no clearer definition can be given about it. It represents a system of beliefs and values which are shared by the organization members and differentiates the organization from the others. The ethical issues in public relations will always remain vital to the growth and success of the business. The strategic management should, therefore, focus on creating a culture of corporate communication centered on the recipients demands and interests rather than that of the sender. Conclusion The understanding of the practice of developing an effective organization culture in work is not only important to the employees but also to the management team of the company. The culture defines the practices and directions of the activities of the company. The tourism sector has greatly evolved and increased its operations and therefore it is important for the Johns Outback Adventures Tours Company to implement such a training program as it will keep its staff and members updated and knowledgeable of the increasing demands of the tourism industry. The implementation of the program will also benefit the company in terms of building its workers capacity, training of employees improves performance and efficiency and promotes the quality of services provided to clients and business customers, Dempsey, J 2015. The knowledge of the ethical issues will reduce factors which may undermine the growth of the business through poor public relations. The knowledge of public relations will, ther efore, be essential in promoting the image of the company to the business environments and the general public, Turaga, R 2016 Recommendations The company should implement the training on effective organization culture as well as on ethical issues in public relations and should commence as soon as possible. Every employee in the company should purpose to undertake the program for effective performance of the company. The management of the company should take full responsibility for ensuring that business or organization culture is adhered to in course of business operations. The activities of the employees in the company should be guided or established within the established codes of ethics in order to protect the company public image or relations. The management should also change any aspects of organization culture which may act as a hindrance to achieving a social status position by the employees or affect their performance in the company. References Belias, D, Velissariou, E, Kyriakou, D, Gkolia, A, Sdrolias, L, Koustelios, A, Varsanis, K 2016, 'The Advantages of Organizational Culture in Greek Banks', Journal Of Management Research (09725814), 16, 3, pp. 123-134, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 8 May 2017. Chaudhri, V 2016, 'Corporate Social Responsibility and the Communication Imperative: Perspectives From CSR Managers', International Journal Of Business Communication, 53, 4, pp. 419-442, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 9 May 2017. Davenport, TO 2015, 'Thriving at Work: How Organizational Culture Affects Workplace Fulfillment', People Strategy, 38, 3, pp. 38-42, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 8 May 2017. Dempsey, J 2015, 'Moral Responsibility, Shared Values, and Corporate Culture', Business Ethics Quarterly, 25, 3, pp. 319-340, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 9 May 2017. Dhingra, R, Punia, B 2016, 'Impact of Organizational Culture on Employees' Readiness to Change', Journal Of Management Research (09725814), 16, 3, pp. 135-147, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 8 May 2017. Dhingra, R, Punia, B 2016, 'Impact of Organizational Culture on Employees' Readiness to Change', Journal Of Management Research (09725814), 16, 3, pp. 135-147, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 9 May 2017. Fawkes, J 2010, 'The Shadow of Excellence: A Jungian Approach to Public-Relations Ethics', Review Of Communication, 10, 3, pp. 211-227, Communication Mass Media Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 9 May 2017. Friedman, L, Cheyne, A, Givelber, D, Gottlieb, M, Daynard, R 2015, 'Tobacco Industry Use of Personal Responsibility Rhetoric in Public Relations and Litigation: Disguising Freedom to Blame as Freedom of Choice', American Journal Of Public Health, 105, 2, pp. 250-260, SPORTDiscus with Full Text, EBSCOhost, viewed 9 May 2017. Gallo, A 2015, 'How to Speak Up About Ethical Issues at Work', Harvard Business Review Digital Articles, pp. 2-7, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 9 May 2017. Keyton, J, Caputo, J, Ford, E, Fu, R, Leibowitz, S, Liu, T, Polasik, S, Ghosh, P, Wu, C 2013, 'Investigating Verbal Workplace Communication Behaviors', Journal Of Business Communication, 50, 2, pp. 152-169, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 9 May 2017. Khouly, S, Fadl, N 2016, 'The Impact of Organizational Culture on Work Quality', Competition Forum, 14, 2, pp. 210-215, SPORTDiscus with Full Text, EBSCOhost, viewed 9 May 2017. Ki, E, Kim, S 2010, 'Ethics Statements of Public Relations Firms: What Do They Say?', Journal Of Business Ethics, 91, 2, pp. 223-236, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 9 May 2017. Moid, S, Alam, A 2016, 'Scaling Service Quality in the Tourism Industry with Special Reference to Uttar Pradesh', Journal Of Management Research (09725814), 16, 1, pp. 25-43, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 9 May 2017. Ng Choi, T, Rashad, Y 2015, 'Managing Organizational Change and Resistance from an Individualist vs. Collectivist Perspective', International Journal Of Management, Accounting Economics, 2, 9, pp. 1065-1074, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 9 May 2017. Pratheeba, N 2016, 'Essence of Corporate Communication', Language In India, 16, 4, pp. 118-125, Communication Mass Media Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 8 May 2017. ROBERTS, J, COHEN, I, DEUBERT, C, LYNCH, H 2017, 'EVALUATING NFL PLAYER HEALTH AND PERFORMANCE: LEGAL AND ETHICAL ISSUES', University Of Pennsylvania Law Review, 165, 2, pp. 227-314, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 9 May 2017. Siano, A, Vollero, A, Confetto, M, Siglioccolo, M 2013, 'Corporate communication management: A framework based on decision-making with reference to communication resources', Journal Of Marketing Communications, 19, 3, pp. 151-167, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 9 May 2017. Stucke, ME 2014, 'In Search of Effective Ethics Compliance Programs', Journal Of Corporation Law, 39, 4, pp. 769-832, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 9 May 2017. Turaga, R 2016, 'Organizational Models of Effective Communication', IUP Journal Of Soft Skills, 10, 2, pp. 56-65, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 9 May 2017. van der Voet, J, Groeneveld, S, Kuipers, B 2014, 'Talking the Talk or Walking the Walk? The Leadership of Planned and Emergent Change in a Public Organization', Journal Of Change Management, 14, 2, pp. 171-191, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 9 May 2017. Wells, J, Walker, N 2016, 'Organizational Change and Justice: The Impact of Transparent and Ethical Leaders', Journal Of Intercollegiate Sport, 9, 2, pp. 179-199, SPORTDiscus with Full Text, EBSCOhost, viewed 9 May 2017. York, C 2011, 'CREATING AN ETHICAL CULTURE IN YOUR WORKPLACE', Journal Of Property Management, 76, 1, p. 12, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 9 May 2017. Ã… ½ivkovi?, S, Ivanova, T 2016, 'ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE AS ONE OF THE MAIN FACTORS FOR THE SUCCESSFUL SAFETY MANAGEMENT', Serbian Journal Of

Civil Rights Initiatives in the 20th Century

Civil Rights Initiatives in the 20th Century Despite the fact that USA was an independent state advocating for freedom and equality to all, the Jim Crow Laws that were in practice from 1886 to 1965 proved otherwise (Laderman and Leon, 2003). These laws advocated to racial segregation in the utilization of public facilities between white Americans and African Americans.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Civil Rights Initiatives in the 20th Century specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Despite the fact that this segregation was supposed to lead to separate but equal utilization of public resources and amenities, the conditions of African Americans kept deteriorating. In addition to this, discriminatory voting practices were put in place that disqualifies most African Americans from exercising their democratic right. All these factors led to development and growth of the civil rights movement in the United States of Americ a. Several civil rights initiatives were developed by African Americans to fight for their rights as humans and as citizens of the United States of America. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) is a prime example of a civil rights initiative that was formed during the 20th century. Under the chairmanship of Edgar Nixon and support of influential people like Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King Jr., NCAAP fought for political, social and economic equality for all (Dye, 2010). At the same time, the initiative advocated for the elimination of racial discrimination and racial segregation in the United States. The Montgomery Bus Boycott in 1955 was one of the most successful demonstrations that NCAAP organized (Jeffrey, 2009). After refusing to give up her seat on the African American section of the bus, Rosa Parks, an African American woman and a civil rights activist was arrested and charged by the court of law. NCAAP took advantage of this situation to a ir their grievances against the Jim Crow Laws. With the assistance of Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA) that was led by Martin Luther King Jr., the bus boycott lasted for 381 days. This move by the African Americans in Alabama led to a decline in business for bus services. Due to its impacts, the Supreme Court repealed the section of the law that supported racial segregation on public transport. The court termed this law as unconstitutional (Shores, 2005). NCAAP, through Martin Luther King Jr. also played a critical role in the organization of the Washington March on 28 August 1963. The peaceful demonstration was successful, attracting over 250,000 people from all over the United States. These people were from different races and backgrounds.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The main aim of the demonstration was to urge the government to increase minimum wage, bring an end to police brutality and to advocate for the rights, freedom, and equality of minority races in the United States (Shores, 2005). It is during this day that Martin Luther King Jr. delivered his famous speech, I Have a Dream. As a result of this demonstration, the Civil Rights Act of 1965 was passed. Consequently, the Voting Rights Act of 1965 was also passed. Initiative Impact on Current and Future Policies NCAAP was found to bring equality not just for African Americans but also to all Americans (Jeffrey, 2009). This came about as a result of the increased oppression on minority ethnic groups in the United States of America, more so, African Americans. However, the Montgomery Bus Boycott brought to an end an era where people were judged by the color of their skin to enjoy public transportation services. At the present moment, residents of the United States of America can board any bus and take any seat in a bus or a taxi. Therefore, all the policies that have been developed and wil l be developed with regards to public transportation have to be equal to all races in the United States. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 brought to an end any form of racial discrimination and racial segregation in the United States. All residents of America therefore had equal rights and equal opportunities. This law has resulted to the increase in education, employments, political participation, and social interaction not just by minority groups but also by all Americans. It is as a result of these laws that any American citizen can get medical care at any hospital, dine at any restaurant, travel using bus, train, or airplane without discrimination. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 gave African Americans, members of other minority groups and poor white Americans the chance to exercise their voting rights. All the qualification, standards, and practices that had been put in place were eliminated with this amendment. As a result, any American citizen who is of age has the right to take pa rt in state and national elections regardless of his/her race, religion or gender. This has paved way for the development of democracy in the United States. Conclusion As a result of the civil rights initiative of NCAAP, every American citizen now has access to public amenities. Despite the fact that elements of racism and discrimination are still in place, there have been tremendous improvement on racial segregation and discrimination on the grounds of race, gender, or religion. Therefore, an average American in the modern world has chance to exercise his rights and freedom to the fullest as compared to an average American during the 20th century. References Dye, T.R. (2010). Understanding Public Policy. New York: Pearson Prentice Hall.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Civil Rights Initiatives in the 20th Century specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Jeffrey, O. (2009). After the Darkest Night Comes the Day: Change. Chicago: AuthorHouse Laderman, G. and Leon, L. (2003). Religion and American Cultures: An Encyclopedia of  Traditions, Diversity, and Popular Expressions. Santa Barbra: ABC-CLIO Shores, E. (2005). Rosa Parks: Civil Rights Pioneer. New York: Capstone Press This essay on Civil Rights Initiatives in the 20th Century was written and submitted by user Aleah H. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Vatican City Is an Independent Country

Vatican City Is an Independent Country There are eight accepted criteria used to determine whether an entity is an independent country (also known as a State with a capital s) or not. Let us examine these eight criteria in regard to the Vatican City, a tiny (the smallest in the world) country located entirely within the city of Rome, Italy. The Vatican City is the headquarters of the Roman Catholic Church, with over one billion adherents worldwide. Why the Vatican City Counts as a Country 1. Has space or territory that has internationally recognized boundaries (boundary disputes are OK.) Yes, the Vatican City’s boundaries are undisputed even though the country is located entirely within the city of Rome. 2. Has people who live there on an ongoing basis. Yes, the Vatican City is home to approximately 920 full-time residents who maintain passports from their home country and diplomatic passports from the Vatican. Thus, it is as though the entire country is composed of diplomats. In addition to the over 900 residents, approximately 3000 people work at the Vatican City and commute into the country from the greater Rome metropolitan area. 3. Has economic activity and an organized economy. A country regulates foreign and domestic trade and issues money. Somewhat. The Vatican relies on the sale of postage stamps and tourist mementos, fees for admission to museums, and the sale of publications as governmental revenue. The Vatican City issues its own coins. There is not much foreign trade but there is significant foreign investment by the Catholic Church. 4. Has the power of social engineering, such as education. Sure, although there aren’t a lot of kids there! 5. Has a transportation system for moving goods and people. There are no highways, railroads, or airports. The Vatican City is the smallest country in the world. It only has streets within the city, which is 70% of the size of the Mall in Washington D.C. As a landlocked country surrounded by Rome, the country relies on the Italian infrastructure for access to the Vatican City. 6. Has a government that provides public services and police power. Electricity, telephones, and other utilities are provided by Italy. The internal police power of the Vatican City is the Swiss Guards Corps (Corpo della Guardia Svizzera). External defense of the Vatican City against foreign enemies is the responsibility of Italy. 7. Has sovereignty. No other State should have power over the countrys territory. Indeed, and amazingly enough, the Vatican City does have sovereignty. 8. Has external recognition. A country has been voted into the club by other countries. Yes! It is the Holy See which maintains international relations; the term Holy See refers to the composite of the authority, jurisdiction, and sovereignty vested in the Pope and his advisers to direct the worldwide Roman Catholic Church. Created in 1929 to provide a territorial identity for the Holy See in Rome, the State of the Vatican City is a recognized national territory under international law. The Holy See maintains formal diplomatic relations with 174 nations and 68 of these countries maintain permanent resident diplomatic missions accredited to the Holy See in Rome. Most embassies are outside of the Vatican City and are Rome. The other countries have missions located outside Italy with dual accreditation. The Holy See maintains 106 permanent diplomatic missions to nation-states around the world. The Vatican City/Holy See is not a member of the United Nations. They are an observer. Thus, the Vatican City does meet all eight criteria for independent country status so we should consider it as an independent State.

Final Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Final Leadership - Essay Example Charisma and value orientation are other necessary skills for the situation and can help to capture employees’ loyalty to the organization and its values. The ability to empower people, against odds, is another necessary leadership skill that the situation requires and would help the organization to retain its employees who would be willing to face the situation and emerge successful. Cobb characteristics of an enterprising person and a team builder correspond to the required skills (Daft, 2008). I would not promote such a person. My decision is based on the meaning and scope of leadership that defines a leader’s influence on people and not a leader who follows what people want. A person who pleases people will similarly not be able to influence changes that the people do not want and would therefore risk an organization’s interest that may conflict with people’s interest in times of crisis (Daft, 2008). A manager who is kind and concerned about employees has high probability of achieving top line and bottom line results simultaneously. This is because the two traits, as are identifiable with charismatic leadership that facilitates loyalty from people, and obedience to set instructions. The manager will therefore achieve such set objectives through the people’s loyalty and obedience to his directives (Daft, 2008). The research program was a team project and not a group project. This is because contrary to a group that works independently to achieve different objectives, a team works dependently to in pursuit of a common objective, and members of the project had a common objective and the departments relied on output from one another. The subgroups were also teams. The entire project was a cross functional team while the subgroups were functional teams (Daft, 2008). The group norms before the retreat identified individualism and superiority complex within each group. Independence that even culminated to communication barrier and inability to

Bio On Favorite Business Leader Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Bio On Favorite Business Leader - Assignment Example pted him to work as a mere salesman and security analyst established him to rise up and found ‘Berkshire Hathaway’ company which later expanded to a multinational firm in the 1970s (Schroeder, 2008:122). He has since grown his wealth and in 2008 he was declared the richest man in the planet. Central to Buffets business successes is the leadership strategy and styles that he embraces and deploys. As conceptualised in the Trait Theory of Leadership, the characteristics and personality of a person negatively or positively influence the outcome of their leadership (Northouse, 2010: 119). Buffet in 2006 broke the ‘world’s donation record’ by offering over 85% of his wealth to a charity program and this philanthropic gesture has since strengthened his leadership. His empathetic traits and good decision-making skills have enabled him get along well with his workers who he easily understands their plight and appropriately addresses them. Taking the example of the Contingency Theory, the manner in which Buffet handles the diverse workforce and the challenges that come along is commendable. He knows what style or strategy leads a group he has at all situations and in different companies (Buffet and Clark, 2009:98). This has seen him receive loyalty and respect from his

Precursores De La Teoria De La Calidad

Precursores De La Teoria De La Calidad Antes de hablar de la calidad debemos referirnos a sus precursores y sobre todo al padre de la misma quien es W. Edward Deming, quien ha recibido numeroso reconocimientos entre ellos podemos hacer mencià ³n de la medalla Shewhart dela Soc. Americana de Control de Calidad en 1956. Desde muy pequeà ±o el Dr. W. Edward Deming aprendià ³ que las cosas que se hacen bien desde el principio siempre acaban bien. El estadista, educador y precursor dela Calidad Total W. Edward Deming, fue desconocido por muchos aà ±os por las corporaciones americanas, Deming viajo a Japà ³n en 1950 a la edad de 49 y pudo enseà ±ar a los administradores, ingenieros y cientà ­ficos Japoneses como podà ­an producir calidad. Luego de treinta aà ±os despuà ©s vio un documental en televisià ³n en la cadena NBC, titulado, â€Å"Si Japà ³n puede, porque nosotros no† y es a la sazà ³n donde corporaciones como Ford, General Motors y Dow Chemical, solo por mencionar algunas de las prestigiosas empresas que se dieron cuenta de lo que estaba atravesando y buscaron de inmediato la asesorà ­a del Dr. Deming. La vida del Dr. Deming se transformo por completo y se volvià ³ un torbellino de consultas y conferencias. La temprana vida de Edward Deming fue caracterizada por la carencia y el trabajo duro. Nacià ³ en Sioux City Iowa el 14 de octubre de 1900. Su padre, quien pedio una demanda judicial en Powell, siempre fue un abogado luchador, pero esto lo hizo que cambiara a toda la familia de dicha ciudad cuando Deming tenà ­a apenas siete aà ±os. Vivieron en una casa humilde donde el preocuparse por que seria su prà ³xima comida era parte de su rà ©gimen diario. Ampliamente cotizado luego que Deming compartià ³ sus ahora famosos â€Å"14 puntos† y â€Å"7 pecados mortales† con algunas de las corporaciones mà ¡s grandes de Amà ©rica. Sus patrones de calidad se convirtieron en sitios comunes en los libros de administracià ³n, y el premio Deming, otorgado por primera vez en Japà ³n pero ahora reconocido internacionalmente, es ahora buscado por algunas de las corporaciones mà ¡s grandes del mundo. Cuando Deming tenà ­a sus ocho aà ±os salià ³ a trabajar a un hotel local, Deming se fue de Powell a la edad de 17 hacia Laraman, ala Universidadde Wyoming donde realizo sus estudios de ingenierà ­a. Y luego recibià ³ un Ph. D en Fà ­sicas Matemà ¡ticas enla Universidadde Yale en 1927 donde al mismo tiempo fue empleado como profesor. Deming recibià ³ muchas ofertas en la industria privada pero tomà ³ un empleo donde trabajarà ­a para el Departamento de Agricultura en Washington, D.C. Fue acà ¡ donde Deming tuvo la dicha de conocer a su esposa, Lola Sharpe, con quien contrajo matrimonio en el 1932, y fue presentado con su guà ­a, Walter Shewhart, un estadà ­stico para Laboratorios Bell y sus escritos impactaron su vida y aquà ­ donde se convirtieron en la base de sus enseà ±anzas. Durantela Segunda GuerraMundial, Deming de dedico a enseà ±ar a los tà ©cnicos e ingenieros americanos estadà ­sticas para que pudieran mejorar la calidad de los materiales de guerra. Fue e n este trabajo en donde atrajo la atencià ³n de los japoneses. Luego de la guerra,la Unià ³n Japonesade Cientà ­ficos e Ingenieros buscà ³ a Deming. Y en julio de 1950, Deming se reunià ³ conla Unià ³nquien fue presentado con los administradores principales de las compaà ±Ãƒ ­as japonesas. Durante los treinta aà ±os siguientes, Deming dedicarà ­a todo su tiempo y esfuerzo a la enseà ±anza de los japoneses y de esta forma transformo su reputacià ³n en la produccià ³n de un motivo de risa a un motivo de admiracià ³n y elogio por las corporaciones. Es por esto que nos hacemos la siguiente pregunta  ¿Por quà © Deming fue todo un à ©xito en Japà ³n y desconocido por las corporaciones en Amà ©rica? Cuando Japà ³n estaba sumergido en una crisis en su economà ­a y en sus industrias le hicieron la invitacià ³n a Deming. Los Japoneses escucharon y cambiaron su forma de pensar, su estilo de como administrar, su trato a los empleados y se tomaron su tiempo. Tan solo c on seguir la filosofà ­a de Deming, los japoneses giraron al lado positivo su economà ­a y productividad por completo para dar paso y poder convertirse en los là ­deres del mercado mundial. Deming fue condecorado por el emperador Horohito con la medalla del Tesoro Sagrado de Japà ³n en su Segundo Grado por tan impresionante cambio que realizo. La mencià ³n decà ­a El pueblo de Japà ³n atribuyen el renacimiento de la industria Japonesa y su à ©xito mundial a Edward Deming No fue hasta la transmisià ³n del documental por NBC en Junio de 1980 donde se destaca el à ©xito industrial de Japà ³n que las corporaciones Americanas inician a prestar atencià ³n. Enfrentados por una produccià ³n decadente y costos increà ­blemente altos, los Presidentes de las corporaciones Americana iniciaron a consultar con Deming acerca de negocios. Se dieron cuanta que las tà ­picas soluciones rà ¡pidas y fà ¡ciles de las corporaciones Americanas ya no funcionaban. Los principios de Deming establecà ­an que mediante el uso de mediciones estadà ­sticas, una compaà ±Ãƒ ­a podrà ­a ser capaz de graficar como un sistema en particular estaba funcionando para luego desarrollar maneras para mejorar dicho sistema. A travà ©s de un proceso de transformacià ³n en avance, y siguiendo los Catorce Puntos y Siete Pecados Mortales, las compaà ±Ãƒ ­as estarà ­an en posicià ³n de mantenerse a la par con los constantes cambios del entorno econà ³mico. Obviamente, esto era mu cho mas largo, incluà ­a mas procesos de los que estaban acostumbrados las corporaciones Americanas; de aquà ­, la resistencia a las ideas de Deming. El Dr. Edward Deming estuvo disponible parala Amà ©rica corporativa para tà ©rminos de consulta y a individuales a travà ©s de sus escritos y tours de seminarios por los prà ³ximos trece aà ±os de su vida. En el 1993 murià ³, pero aun vive su trabajo. Sus Slogans de misià ³n, tales como el de Ford Calidad es el primer trabajo, son aun reconocidos en la industria; sus cursos empresariales son dictados aun usando sus principios como partes integrales del curriculum; y la abreviacià ³n TQM (Total Quality Management) es ampliamente conocido y comà ºnmente utilizado a travà ©s dela Amà ©rica corporativa. Kaoru Ishikawa Conocido como el gurà º de la calidad Kaoru Ishikawa, nacià ³ en la ciudad de Tokio, Japà ³n en el aà ±o de 1915, fue graduado dela Universidadde Tokio. Ishikawa y es hoy conocido como uno de los mà ¡s famosos gurà ºs de la calidad mundial. La teorà ­a de Ishikawa era manufacturar a bajo costo. Podemos encontrar dentro de su filosofà ­a de calidad que la calidad debe ser una revolucià ³n de la gerencia. El control de calidad es prà ¡cticamente desarrollar, diseà ±ar, manufacturar y mantener un producto de calidad. Algunos efectos dentro de empresas que se logran implementando el control de calidad son la reduccià ³n de precios, bajan los costos, se establece y mejora la tà ©cnica, entre otros. Kaoru Ishikawa tambià ©n dio a conocer al mundo sus siete herramientas bà ¡sicas para la calidad la cuales son: la grafica de pareto, el diagrama de causa efecto, la estratificacià ³n, la hoja de verificacià ³n, el histograma, el diagrama de dispersià ³n y la grafica de control de Schewhart. Podemos hacer mencià ³n de algunos de sus libros mà ¡s conocidos los cuales son: Que es el CTC, Guia de Control de calidad Herramientas de Control de Calidad. Kaoru Ishikawa en el Desarrollo dela Calidadnos dice que practicar el Control de Calidad (CTC) es desarrollar, diseà ±ar manufacturar y mantener un producto de calidad que sea el mà ¡s econà ³mico, el mà ¡s à ºtil y sobre todo el mà ¡s satisfactorio para el consumidor. En la Universidadde Tokio Ishikawa fue pedagogo y precursor de la Unià ³nof Japanese Scientists and Engineers (UJSE), la cual se ocupaba de promover la calidad dentro de Japà ³n mientras el ciclo de la post-guerra. Ishikawa inclusive durante gran parte de su vida originà ³ ideas revolucionarias de calidad. En el 1962, Ishikawa dio apertura a los ambientes de calidad en la Nippon Telegraph and Cable. Dando definicià ³n a los clientes como internos y externos de las organizaciones. Se puede decir que la carrera de Kaoru Ishikawa en algunas formas u otras es afà ­n a la historia econà ³mica del Japà ³n contemporà ¡neo. Ishikawa, en Japà ³n entero aprendieron sobre las bases del control de calidad estadà ­stico que los Americanos desplegaron. Pero como los logros econà ³micos del Japà ³n no son limitados a imitar productos extranjeros, los logros de calidad del Japà ³n e Ishikawa en particular van mas allà ¡ de la aplicacià ³n eficiente de ideas importadas. Es posible que la contribucià ³n mà ¡s importante de Ishikawa haya sido su rol en el desarrollo de una estrategia de calidad japonesa. La calidad para los Japoneses es parte de sus propias vidas, no solo la aplican de arriba a abajo en una empresa, sino que tambià ©n al producto, dentro del proceso de produccià ³n, tanto bajo el uso del cliente. Podemos decir que uno de los logros mà ¡s importantes de la vida de Kaoru Ishikawa fue contribuir al à ©xito de los ambientes de calidad. El diagrama de causa-efecto, habitualmente citado el diagrama de Ishikawa, posiblemente es el diagrama que lo hizo fundamentalmente conocido. Este diagrama ha manifestado ser una herramienta muy fuerte que puede ser simplemente utilizada para investigar y solucionar problemas, es tan simple que cualquier persona lo puede utilizar. A pesar que los ambientes de calidad se desplegaron primero en Japà ³n, se difundieron a mà ¡s de 50 paà ­ses, una expansià ³n que Ishikawa jamà ¡s se hubiera imaginado. Inicialmente, Ishikawa entendà ­a que los cà ­rculos dependà ­an de factores à ºnicos que se encontraban en la sociedad japonesa. Pero despuà ©s de ver cà ­rculos creà ¡ndose en Taiwà ¡n y Corea del Sur, à ©l teorizà ³ que los cà ­rculos de calidad pueden desarrollarse en cualquier paà ­s del mundo siempre y cuando dicho paà ­s utilizara el alfabeto Chino. El razonamiento de Ishikawa era que el alfabeto Chino, uno de los sistemas de escritura mà ¡s difà ­ciles pueden ser aprendidos solo con mucho estudio, el trabajo duro y el deseo de la educacià ³n en ese perà ­odo se hicieron sumamente importante en esos paà ­ses. Como parte del comità © para el premio Deming, Ishikawa impulso una auditoria implacable que establece cuales compaà ±Ãƒ ­as son aspirantes para el premio Deming. Dicha auditoria pretende la colaboracià ³n de los altos ejecutivos de la empresa. De acuerdo a Ishikawa el saber de la gente que la empresa es activa y se mueve hacia el perfeccionamiento es el mejor premio que el triunfador puede recibir.   

Socrates - Definitions of Piety Essay -- Socrates Plato Philosophy

Socrates - Definitions of Piety   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During the Periclean age (around 400 B.C.) in Athens Greece there was a man named Socrates. He was considered a very wise man by the Athenians. However there were men in power who did not care for him or his teachings; Claiming that he corrupted the Athenian youth and did not believe in the Greek gods, Socrates was put on trail. On his way to his trial Socrates met a man named Euthyphro, a professional priest who is respected by the "authorities" (those who want get rid of Socrates). Euthyphro is at the court house to prosecute his father for murder. Socrates finds this to be interesting. If Euthyphro can properly explain why he is prosecuting his father for murder Socrates might have an understanding of piety. This would help Socrates to defend himself, for the prosecutors know and think highly of Euthyphro. Socrates could then draw parallels between himself and Euthyphro, who the citizens' highly respect, thus bringing him respect, and freedom. This is where Socrates begins his dialogue with Euthyphro seeking the definition of piety. Socrates wants Euthyphro to teach him the meaning of piety since Euthyphro considers himself an authority on the subject. In this dialogue Euthyphro gives Socrates four different definitions of what he believes piety is, none of which prove satisfactory to Socrates, leaving the question unanswered in the end.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first definition that Euthyphro provides to Socrates is that "the ..

Professional Development of Nursing Professionals Essay

In 2010 the Institute of Medicine (IOM) released a report indicating that nurses are a key component to the improvement of the healthcare transformation in the United States of America. The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health discussed the powerful impact of a highly educated and trained nurse in the medical profession by examining evidenced based research and relative trends. In the following essay we will discuss how these findings influence nursing education, primary care nursing practice, and the leadership roles nurses will inevitably be placed. When addressing how nursing practice will be affected, we will also discuss how the goals of the IOM will be met. Impact on Nursing of the 2010 IOM Report The Affordable Care Act of 2010 presented an interesting dilemma. According to the IOM panel, America will heavily rely on the expertise and compassionate care of advanced practice nurse’s to bridge the gap between the existing low number of primary care providers and the addition of thirty- two million people to the currently insured group of Americans. To connect this gap, it will be necessary to allow nurses to practice to their full potential by expanding their education and training. Nursing Education The majority of nurses in the workforce today are educated at a community college level and do not hold a Bachelor’s Degree. However, the report findings indicate the need for these nurses to attain a Bachelor Degree. This push is mainly because studies have shown a ten percent increase in the proportion of nurses holding a bachelor’s degree was associated with a five percent decrease in probability of patient’s demise within thirty days of admission and the odds of failure to rescue (Aiken, 2003). The IOM’s goal is to increase this from fifty percent to an eighty percent by 2020. To meet this goal they call for â€Å"seamless academic progression† through integrated transitions between community colleges and universities. The committee also stated the need for more affordable nursing education and training to meet the complex demands that chronic health conditions create. Primary Practice Nursing Care The IOM committee recommended the necessity of nurses to be able to practice  to the full extent of their education and training especially Advanced Practiced Registered Nurses (APRN’s). In the United States of America, there are many legal barriers and inconsistent state regulations that prevent nurses from practicing to their full potential. The IOM report states, â€Å"APRN’s scopes of practice are so circumscribed that their competence extends far beyond their authority. At any point in their career, APRN’s can do much more than they may legally do. As APRN’s acquire new skills, they must seek administrative or statutory revision of their defined scopes of practice (a costly and often difficult enterprise).† Once legislation allows APRN’s to practice to their full scope of practice the high quality health care can be delivered. APRN’s in primary practice can be extended to meet the physicians and patient needs. When nurses and doctors collaborate, quality patient care increases and cost efficiency is created. One way of establishing this collaborative team effort is by hiring more Advanced Practiced Nurses (APN) in primary care practices. Another way we can transform nursing practice in primary care is by allowing nurse’s to be more involved with data collection. Jack Rowe from the IOM committee stated that science is based on â€Å"objective evaluation of evidence†. This evidence can be provided by the nurses who provide care to patients on a daily basis in order to create a more efficient health care system. Nurse’s Role as a Leader The IOM report indicated the need for nurses to become the leaders of the upcoming reform. Today’s nurse is in a unique position due to the 2013 Gallup Poll’s statement that they are the most â€Å"trusted† profession in the United States. Bill Neville from the panel suggested that more nurses be put in boardrooms, legislation panels, and given more opportunities to lead. These qualities combined give nurses more power and force in leading discussions that will ultimately drive the change that needs to take place. Overall the IOM report is opening the door for huge upcoming opportunities for the nursing profession. Nurses are a vital part in the healthcare  reformation by becoming full partners with physicians, creating seamless academic progression for educational advancement, and practicing to their full scope of practice. References Aiken, L. H., et al. (2003). Educational Levels of Hospital Nurses and Surgical Mortality. Journal of the American Medical Association, 290(12), 1617-1623. Committee on the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Initiative on the Future of Nursing, at the Institute of Medicine. (2011). The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health. IOM, Pg. 97. Retrieved from http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=12956 Institute of Medicine. (IOM). (2010, October 5). The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health-Report Briefing [Video]. Retrieved from http:// www.iom.edu/Reports/2010/The-Future-of-Nursing-Leading-change-Advancing-Health/Report-Release.aspx

Risk Management Process Responding to a Medication Error in a Healthcare Organization Free Essay Example, 2000 words

Monitoring the risks and the adherence to the standards of performance is important to ensure that the organization is protected from malpractices as regards the prescription of medications. Strategies for monitoring include random assessment of the prescriptions given to patients from the organization to ascertain that they are correct. The patient s feedbacks are also significant in providing information regarding the consequences of medications prescribed by the organization s staff. It is important to adhere to the prescribing process to ensure that all the medications recommended for the patients are given through a uniform process that is understood among all staff. The monitoring team will be checking the adherence to the prescribing process by the staff. The process involves recognizing a problem in the patient and assessing to understand the nature, onset and other aspects of the ailment. The healthcare personnel should then identify the need to administer treatment to the patient. They must be qualified to determine the appropriate treatment to be administered to the patient. Monitoring should include regularly checking the medication orders and the readability of the handwritten instructions as well as the dosage. We will write a custom essay sample on Risk Management Process Responding to a Medication Error in a Healthcare Organization or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now The faulty instructions that do not follow the prescription process should not be passed on to patients (Thompson and Davidow, 2009). A multi-disciplinary approach to monitoring should be used, which needs to involve healthcare professionals in medicine, pharmacy, and nursing. They should be knowledgeable regarding the symptoms of the adverse consequences of drugs. When such an event is identified, the process of prescription should be evaluated against the metrics set for medication. The metric values should be observed as stated in the SOAR process to identify the disparities in medication. These values offer guidelines leading to the identification of problems in medication. They are the standards that any healthcare professional administering medication in the organization should have in mind. Observing the metric values is significant for the organization to maintain focus on the accomplishment of the strategic objectives.